Sensory Processing Disorders (SPDs) occur when the brain has difficulty processing and interpreting sensory information from the environment, leading to challenges in perception, integration, and response to sensory stimuli.
SPDs occur when the brain has difficulty processing and interpreting sensory information from the environment, leading to challenges in perception, integration, and response to sensory stimuli1,2.
Auditory processing disorder, a subtype of SPD, specifically affects the processing and interpretation of auditory information. Individuals with APD may struggle to discriminate between similar sounds, to localise sounds in space, or to understand speech in noisy environments. These difficulties can interfere with academic performance, social interactions and overall communication skills3,4.
SPDs, including APD, manifest differently among individuals and may coexist with other neurodevelopmental conditions such as autistic spectrum disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder or specific learning difficulties.
In children, SPDs may become apparent during early development when they exhibit atypical responses to sensory stimuli or difficulties with sensory regulation. They may be hypersensitive to certain sensory inputs, such as loud noises or textures, or hyposensitive, seeking out intense sensory experiences. These sensory differences can impact behaviour, attention and emotional regulation, affecting various aspects of daily life1,2.
As children with SPDs transition into adolescence and adulthood, the challenges associated with these conditions may persist and affect various domains of functioning. These can include heightened sensitivities to some sensations, as well as difficulties with time management, organisation and emotional regulation5,6.
A diagnosis of SPD typically involves standardised assessments of sensory processing skills, observations of sensory responses in different environments, and consideration of developmental history and functional impairments. Occupational therapy is the key tenet of management, focusing on sensory integration techniques, environmental modifications, and adaptive strategies for managing sensory sensitivities or aversions7.
